About My Astronomer: Galileo Galilei
Galileo was born in 1564 in Pisa, Italy, he was the first of six (sometimes speculated to be seven) children. His family was considered noble but was not very wealthy. In the early 1570s Galileo and his family moved to Florence. Galileo was never married but had a brief relationship with Marina Gamba. Gamba lived in his home in Padua and they had three children together. Galileo had two daughters; Virginia and Livia, both went on to live in convents and became Sister Maria Celeste and Sister Arcangela respectively, Galileo and his family being very religious. Galileo also had a son, Vincenzio. Galileo moved to Florence in 1610 to join the Court of The Medici family, leaving Marina to marry Giovanni Bartoluzzi. Vincenzio, instead of living with his mother and her new husband, ended up living with Galileo in Florence in 1613.
Galileo was an avid inventor, inventing the pump and the hydrostatic balance. Galileo is better known, however, for his telescope. He perfected his first telescope in 1609, based off the telescopes in existence in Europe that magnified objects three times. Galileo later updated the telescope to magnify objects twenty times. Galileo is perhaps best known for his use of the telescope, making, unheard of at the time, discoveries for astronomy. Galileo was the first to observe supernovas. Galileo also saw sunspots and craters on the moon, contradicting Church teachings of God’s perfect universe. Most importantly of all, Galileo observed the phases of Venus and Jupiter’s four satellites, providing proof for the Copernican, heliocentric, model of the universe.
In life, Galileo got into some trouble with The Inquisition, a permanent, Church, institution that handled the task of punishing heretics and decreed the Copernican Model to be heresy. Galileo’s belief in this model and his ability to prove it directly contradicted the Church. In 1624, when Pope Urban VIII came into power, Galileo was assured that he was permitted to discuss his beliefs, as long as he treated it as a mathematical proposition. Under the belief that he was safe, Galileo had his book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, printed. Galileo was then again called to face the inquisition in 1633 and had to choose between taking back his claims and living the rest of his life under house arrest or dying for what he believed in, Galileo choose the cowardly former. Galileo spent the rest of his life under house arrest, he was allowed to move houses in 1638 to be closer to his doctors, at this time he was totally blind. In 1642 Galileo died at his home outside Florence.
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